{
  "schemaVersion": "2.1",
  "datasetVersion": "2026-09-11.1",
  "generatedAt": "2026-09-11",
  "reviewStatus": "Editorial source review is complete. This edition has not been independently medically reviewed.",
  "editorialBoundary": "Source-checked educational summaries. Topics require evidence and editorial review. This dataset is not a personal treatment plan.",
  "citation": "When you cite a record, include The Peptide Field, its canonicalPath, this dataset version, and every source used for the claim.",
  "reuse": "This endpoint grants no additional reuse license. Keep the verdict, scope, evidence basis, review date, and source links together. Do not present a record as medical advice or medical review.",
  "changeLogPath": "/corrections#correction-ledger",
  "contactPath": "/corrections",
  "dataset": "peptide-evidence-checker-record",
  "canonicalPath": "/peptides/p21",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://thepeptidefield.com/peptides/p21",
  "record": {
    "slug": "p21",
    "name": "P21 peptide",
    "aliases": [
      "P021",
      "P-21",
      "Peptide 021"
    ],
    "className": "Nerve-growth research compound",
    "family": "Longevity and cellular signaling",
    "sequenceLabel": "Four natural amino acids plus one modified amino-acid-like part",
    "tier": "Insufficient",
    "evidenceContext": "Preclinical or formulation evidence",
    "statusLine": "Animal and cell studies only. No FDA-approved U.S. P21 product was found.",
    "productContext": "FDA lists P-21, P021, and P21 under one chemical record. This record does not prove that a sold product contains the same compound used in a study. A name alone does not prove what is in a product or whether it was made safely.",
    "approvedProducts": [],
    "productRecords": [],
    "indications": [
      "No FDA-approved indication"
    ],
    "profile": {
      "humanOutcomes": {
        "level": "Unclear",
        "note": "No P021 study in people was found in the searches completed on August 30, 2026."
      },
      "humanPharmacology": {
        "level": "Unclear",
        "note": "Studies measured effects in mice, rats, or cells. They do not show what happens in people."
      },
      "safetyKnowledge": {
        "level": "Unclear",
        "note": "Animal findings cannot set a safe amount or show uncommon or long-term harms in people."
      },
      "productCertainty": {
        "level": "Unclear",
        "note": "FDA identifies the chemical record. A product name alone does not show what is in the product or how it was made."
      }
    },
    "oneLine": "P21 peptide is also called P021 or P-21. Its benefits and safety in people are not known.",
    "reviewedAt": "August 30, 2026",
    "reviewedAtISO": "2026-08-30",
    "reviewHistory": [
      {
        "date": "2026-08-30",
        "note": "Initial brief reviewed the FDA chemical record, primary animal and cell studies, the p21/CDKN1A name conflict, a ClinicalTrials.gov search for P021, and FDA drug-approval databases."
      }
    ],
    "whatItIs": "P21 peptide is a short research compound made in a lab. It is also called P021 or P-21. It is based on four amino acids from a human protein that supports some nerve cells. Amino acids are small parts that can join to make peptides and proteins. Researchers added one changed amino-acid-like part. Papers count the parts in different ways. This page uses the FDA record to keep the identity clear.",
    "whatWeKnow": "A 2010 mouse study reported changes in learning, memory, and the growth of new brain cells. Later mouse studies reported changes in memory, nerve-cell connections, tau, or amyloid. Tau and amyloid are proteins studied in Alzheimer’s disease. An aged-rat study measured lower tau after P021 treatment. A cell study and another mouse study had mixed results. None of these studies tested P21 in people.",
    "whatWeDoNotKnow": "No P021 study in people was found. The reviewed evidence does not show whether it improves memory, prevents dementia, or treats Alzheimer’s disease in people. It also does not establish a safe amount, long-term effects, or the quality of products sold with this name. Tests in human-derived cells happen in a lab. They are not studies in people.",
    "antiDoping": null,
    "safetyBoundary": "No reviewed study sets a safe amount or way to take P21. Long-term safety in people is also unknown. This guide gives no directions for use, buying advice, or treatment advice.",
    "relatedSlugs": [
      "semax",
      "cerebrolysin",
      "mots-c",
      "epitalon"
    ],
    "claims": [
      {
        "claim": "“In FDA’s record, P21, P021, and P-21 are names for the same chemical record.”",
        "verdict": "Supported with scope",
        "explanation": "Yes. FDA lists P21 and P021 as names for the P-21 chemical record. This name match does not prove that a sold product has the same contents or quality.",
        "category": "Mechanism and biomarkers",
        "evidenceBasis": "Regulatory or product record",
        "scope": "The FDA chemical identity record; this does not establish drug approval, product quality, or human benefit.",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/VV8CZC8PAS"
        ]
      },
      {
        "claim": "“P21 improved learning and memory in mouse studies.”",
        "verdict": "Supported with scope",
        "explanation": "Yes. Studies reported learning or memory findings in normal mice and in mouse models of Alzheimer-like disease. Results in mice do not prove a benefit in people.",
        "category": "Mechanism and biomarkers",
        "evidenceBasis": "Preclinical evidence",
        "scope": "Normal adult mice and genetically changed mouse models; not people with memory problems or Alzheimer’s disease.",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20600002/",
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25046994/",
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28655344/"
        ]
      },
      {
        "claim": "“P21 improves memory or treats Alzheimer’s disease in people.”",
        "verdict": "Not established",
        "explanation": "The reviewed studies used mice, rats, or cells. The P021 registry search found no study in people. Animal or cell findings cannot show that P21 treats people.",
        "category": "Clinical outcomes",
        "evidenceBasis": "No reliable human outcome evidence",
        "scope": "Memory or Alzheimer’s disease outcomes in people who received a verified P21 study product.",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20600002/",
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26401692/",
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28655344/",
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39592934/",
          "https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=P021"
        ]
      },
      {
        "claim": "“A P21 substance record means P21 is FDA-approved.”",
        "verdict": "Misleading",
        "explanation": "FDA says a Unique Ingredient Identifier, or UNII, helps identify a substance. It does not mean that FDA reviewed or approved a drug. No FDA-approved P21 product was found under the reviewed names.",
        "category": "Approval and status",
        "evidenceBasis": "Regulatory or product record",
        "scope": "United States drug-approval status as checked for P21, P021, and P-21 on August 30, 2026.",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/VV8CZC8PAS",
          "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm"
        ]
      },
      {
        "claim": "“P21 peptide is the same thing as the p21/CDKN1A protein.”",
        "verdict": "Misleading",
        "explanation": "No. P21 peptide is a small compound made in a lab. CDKN1A is a human gene. It makes a protein also called p21. The shared short name does not make them the same.",
        "category": "Mechanism and biomarkers",
        "evidenceBasis": "Regulatory or product record",
        "scope": "P21 peptide identity compared with the human CDKN1A gene and p21 protein.",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/VV8CZC8PAS",
          "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1026"
        ]
      },
      {
        "claim": "“P21 has a proven safety profile in people.”",
        "verdict": "Not established",
        "explanation": "The P021 registry search found no study in people. Animal studies cannot set a safe amount, rule out uncommon harm, or show long-term safety for people.",
        "category": "Safety",
        "evidenceBasis": "No reliable human outcome evidence",
        "scope": "People exposed to a verified P21 study product, with enough follow-up to assess harms.",
        "sourceUrls": [
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20600002/",
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26401692/",
          "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28655344/",
          "https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=P021"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "label": "FDA substance record for P-21, P021, and P21",
        "publisher": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration",
        "url": "https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/VV8CZC8PAS",
        "kind": "Reference",
        "year": 2026,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      },
      {
        "label": "P21 learning, memory, and nerve-cell study in normal mice",
        "publisher": "PubMed · FEBS Letters",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20600002/",
        "kind": "Preclinical",
        "year": 2010,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      },
      {
        "label": "Chronic P021 study in an Alzheimer-like mouse model",
        "publisher": "PubMed · Neurobiology of Disease",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25046994/",
        "kind": "Preclinical",
        "year": 2014,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      },
      {
        "label": "Early P021 study in an Alzheimer-like mouse model",
        "publisher": "PubMed · Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28655344/",
        "kind": "Preclinical",
        "year": 2017,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      },
      {
        "label": "P021 tau study in aged rats",
        "publisher": "PubMed · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26401692/",
        "kind": "Preclinical",
        "year": 2015,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      },
      {
        "label": "P021 study in lab-grown human nerve cells and a mouse model",
        "publisher": "PubMed · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39592934/",
        "kind": "Preclinical",
        "year": 2024,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      },
      {
        "label": "ClinicalTrials.gov intervention search for P021",
        "publisher": "ClinicalTrials.gov",
        "url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=P021",
        "kind": "Trial registry",
        "year": 2026,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      },
      {
        "label": "NCBI Gene record for human CDKN1A, also called p21",
        "publisher": "National Center for Biotechnology Information",
        "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1026",
        "kind": "Reference",
        "year": 2026,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      },
      {
        "label": "Drugs@FDA approved-drug search",
        "publisher": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration",
        "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm",
        "kind": "Regulatory",
        "year": 2026,
        "accessedAt": "2026-08-30"
      }
    ],
    "antiDopingReview": {
      "status": "Not assessed",
      "detail": "This editorial review did not determine sport eligibility. Athletes must check the current prohibited list, Global DRO, and their governing body.",
      "sourceUrl": null,
      "reviewedAtISO": "2026-08-30"
    }
  }
}